ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: In more than 75% of delivery nursing staff members encourage prolonged Valsalva-type pushing during the second stage of labor. The objective of the present study is to the assessment of effect Spontaneous Pushing in second stage of labor on maternal and fetus outcomes
Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study was completed on 160 pregnant women in second stage of labor and average 18-35 years old. The participants were allocated in two groups spontaneous pushing [n=80] and Valsalva pushing technique [n=80]. In group spontaneous pushing, used the spontaneous pushing method [open glottis pushing while breathing out] and in other group, used the Valsalva pushing technique [closed glottis pushing while holding their breath] during the second stage of labor. Duration stage of delivery, perineal tears, 1- and 5- minute APGAR score were evaluated in both group .Data were analyzed by SPSS
Results: Rate intact perineum in spontaneous pushing group was higher than Valsalva pushing technique group [p<0.001]. Moreover, first-degree and second-degree tears were not significant difference between two group. Rate the need for episiotomy was less in spontaneous pushing group [%33.8 versus %66.2] [p<0.001] that the group were significantly different. The baby fared better with spontaneous pushing, with higher 1 minute APGAR score
Conclusion: It seems that spontaneous pushing method during the second stage of labor is associated with less perineal trauma and improved newborn outcome
ABSTRACT
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans either from animals or from their products. Although brucellosis can be found worldwide, the Mediterranean Basin, South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East have currently been listed as high-risk regions. The genus Brucella is classified in at least nine species. Brucella melitensis is the global pathogenic species of Brucella. The outer membrane protein 31, [Omp31] from B. melitensis is considered as a protective immunogen and an important candidate vaccine. Contamination of purified Omp31 protein by biochemical methods has made some restrictions in practical experiments. In this study, the Omp31 coding gene of B. melitensis Rev 1 strain was inserted in pET32b[+] plasmid with extra His-tag sequence. The integrity of the constructed plasmid was confirmed using restriction enzyme mapping and sequencing. Omp31 was expressed after induction with IPTG in Escherichia coli BL21. Recombinant Omp31 [rOmp31] was purified immunoblotting confirmed immunereactivity of rOmp31. Obtained rOmp31 could be useful as a research experimental tool in protection assays to find its potential as a vaccine candidate